Plymouth said they had been recommended by the Safety Advisory Group to postpone the match at Home Park.
A club statement said the decision had been made early “to avoid lengthy travel to Plymouth in difficult weather conditions and also in the best interests of supporter safety, as we would never put the safety of fans, staff or players at risk”.
“There is a real danger of flying debris and potential falling trees which could cause danger to life, with damage to buildings and homes also a real possibility,” the statement continued.
“Roads, bridges and railway lines could also close, and the stadium and surrounding area may be hit by power cuts.”
Argyle said tickets already bought for the game will be valid for the rescheduled fixture.
The game had a key bearing on the bottom half of the division – Argyle are one place and two points above the relegation places while Oxford are a point and four places above them.
Cardiff had initially planned an inspection on Saturday but said the decision to call off their game followed “new advice received from the Met Office, and the recommendations of Cardiff Council and South Wales Police”.
Scheduled horse racing meetings at Sandown Park, Aintree, Chepstow and Wetherby are also subject to precautionary inspections on Saturday morning.