Greenland, a vast icy expanse in the Arctic, is officially the world’s most sparsely populated country. With only 56,000 inhabitants, it stands as a stark contrast to the bustling nations and crowded cities in Europe.
The sparse population of Greenland is deeply rooted in its indigenous history. The Inuit people, the original settlers of the island, have a rich cultural heritage that spans millennia.
Their resilience and adaptability to the harsh Arctic conditions have enabled them to forge a unique lifestyle, seamlessly blending traditional practices with contemporary influences.
Even with its small population of locals, Greenland does not stand as an independent nation. It operates as an autonomous territory within the Kingdom of Denmark.
The tale of how Greenland came under Danish ownership is a narrative of exploration, colonisation, and strategic significance.
In the early 18th century, Denmark began to establish its presence in Greenland through a series of exploratory missions. The path for Danish colonisation was paved by Erik the Red, who had already settled in Greenland in the 10th century.
Over time, Danish settlers and missionaries gradually strengthened their grip on the island.
During the Second World War, Greenland assumed significant strategic importance. The island served as a vital outpost for monitoring German naval activities in the North Atlantic.
Understanding its geopolitical importance, the United States, in partnership with Denmark, set up air bases in Greenland.
The period following World War II saw a change in global dynamics, with the Cold War amplifying Greenland’s strategic value. Throughout the Cold War era, the US maintained its military presence on the island, further strengthening Denmark’s hold over Greenland.
In the second half of the 20th century, Greenland’s pursuit for self-rule gathered pace. In 1979, Greenland was granted home rule, giving it authority over its internal affairs.
Over time, the territory has broadened its autonomy, overseeing its education, health care, and natural resources.
In 2008, Greenland made a significant move towards self-governance when it conducted a referendum on increased autonomy.
The outcome was a resounding vote in favour, setting the stage for the transfer of more powers from Denmark to Greenland.